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Jose Menacho Galiano
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"Inca's Background & Heritage"
February 21, 2004 - 01:39 AM
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In the central side of "South America" grew a great Empire on hands of the "Inca's". The first "Inca" documented by history was "Manco Capac" who came from "Titicaca's Lake" and founded the main city of the Empire in "Qosqo" ("Cusco" - in quechua - Inca's language.)
Incas Empire was extended firstly in the Andes region, from around 2,800 to 4,500 meters high of altitude, then in the coast and high rainforest. Inca's, an ethnic branch of "Quechuas", instaured their kingdom in the nowadays territory of Peru, and conquered territories of Bolivia, Ecuador, South of Colombia, North of Chile and Argentina. Around 12 million of people lived in this big Empire called "Tawantinsuyo" (four regions.
Inca's designed a socio- economical and political system for governed this vast territory. The Inca as the Emperaor was a deity. He was well-known as the son of "Inti" (the Sun), and "Viracocha" was the main God. Then, their parents and relatives were part of the nobelity. The Generals, Wisers and Scientifics were another privilaged group. In spite of the fact, the common people worked for their Inca, the state and them in communities called "Ayllus". All the nation had food and health services, also giant storerooms of food were builded near 4,000 mt high for using in the natural desasters periods.
On arts "Inca's" heritage was his pentathonic music by the use of flutes calls "Quenas", pan flutes calls "Zampoñas"
and percusion instruments. Other recognized masterpiece was the drama story "Ollanta" that tells a romantic drama between the princess "Cusi Collor", the general "Ollanta" and the Inca "Tupac Yupanqui".
Scientifics and wisers developed the agriculture, with advanced technics of conservation and genetic develops for native products as Potatos, Maiz, Quinua, Kiwicha, Maca, Lucuma, Ayrampo, Kañiwa, Tomato, peruvian Chili,Peanuts, Pallares, Olluco, Oca, etc. An advanced hidraulic system in the main territory of the "Tawantinsuyo" ( Incas Territory ) provided water for people and agriculture. In their diet they use meat of Alpaca, Llama, Cuy and fish. They used an statistic tool call "Quipu's" for the accountacy of the Empire, with this instrument all the properties of the Empire were registered by secret codes. Also they buid agri-labs for developing newest genetic variations of products and the use of astronommy for the agriculture.
They builded nice palaces, fortress,trails and cities with different styles as you see in "Machu Picchu", "Saqsaywaman", "Kenko", "Koricancha", "The Palaces of the Sun and the Moon", "The Inca's trail" ( extended to all the Empire territory )etc.
They practiced surgery with the use of medical instruments as Tumies, needles and Knifes. The use of nowadays alternative medicine was common on those days, plants as Coca, Muña muña, Chancalagua, Cat's Claw, and a wide range of rainforest and andean medical plants.
"Pachacutec" was the great Inca's Emparaor and "Rumi Ñahui" was one of the big generals. The title of the queen was "Colla", the wisers or proffesors were "Amauta's", and the post mans were called "Chaskis" who brought fresh fish from the sea to the Inca (Who lives a 3,600 mt high in a Palace of Cusco.) or messages from their governors and representants.
Existed a theory, during the govern of "Inca Capac Yupanqui" Who realized a sea travel with two biggest ships for around two years to the polinesic Island of Pascua and actually New Zealand. He designed some of their troops for living in these territories for teaching natives some Inca's technics. Then, he returned the Empire with polinisean slaves, natives products, and animals.
Inca's instaured some values as laws like:
"Ama Sua", "Ama Kella", Etc... "Won't lie", "Won't kill", "Won't steal"...
Official history told about the last Inca called "Atahualpa" and the end of the Empire in hands of Conquer Francisco Pizarro who commited a lie with "Atahualpa". He offered the Inca his freedom in change of one big room with empty gold and two with silver. Finally Pizarro betrayed "Atahualpa" and condemned him to dead, but "Inca's" survived more after that episode, they fought with spaniards for around eighty years in the high mountains of "Vilcabamba" in the Andes. They builded their last refugee city called "Choquekirao" and the name of the last "Inca", who died again on hands of their conquers, was "Manco Inca II".
The history registered the last moments of this Inca. When he was enter in a main square laying and hitched in a bed on hands of the spaniards, all their subjects cried with deepest screams... around 5,000 indigenous were on this place... The spaniards were so nervous, specially the priest who felt frustated in their speech with all that screams... So for dying in dignity "Manco Inca II" showed to spaniards their power by raised one hand and lowed It as a signal to their subjects, and a deep silence invaded that square and made spaniards more nervous as usual - in this way the last Inca died.
Inca's heritage to world was lot in know-how and natural treasures, more than an enormous quantity of gold, silver and precious stones that came to Europe for increasing their econommy. In monetary quantity It means more than all the monetary aid that USA gave to Western Europe with the Marshall Plan, after the Second World War.
Nowadays, the "Queros" a Quechua community who lives at more than 4,000 mts high in the Andes of Peru; was their mere descendants, and preserve Inca's costumes, secrets and way of living from the hands and ambition of modern world.
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Melina Laboucan-Massimo
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Re: "Inca's Background & Heritage"
February 24, 2004 - 06:03 AM
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Thanks for posting this information Latin. It is a good summary of the history of the Incas 
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Jose Menacho Galiano
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Re: "Inca's Background & Heritage"
February 24, 2004 - 09:16 AM
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Your Welcome Melina!
It's only a summary of what an indigenous culture contribute to world... They also exist large examples of other indigenous cultures or small communities, who learnt how to live in harmony with nature and without stress.
Think on how many areas, treasures an lifes they lost and lose on hands of modern world. Think on how many of these native communities are suspicious about people from abroad their boundaries.
Indigenous are people who suffer so much and get the exclusion and intolerance of modern society, but they are the best guardians of our primary human knowledge, in their traditions and beliefs.
From north to south... From east to west... From Laponians in Norway to Quechuas in Peru ... From Zulues in South Africa to Tibeteans in Nepal... They are the pure soul of our world, because they have the key for reaching our next human level... That is only to learn for living in Love - in "One World" not three. 
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IncaBoy
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Re: "Inca's Background & Heritage"
March 7, 2004 - 06:11 AM
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Hey nice article "Latin" I am so proud about "Inca's Culture" ... You know I am the "IncaBoy"
Regards cousin,
Criz = "IncaBoy"
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